There's a difference between what people mean when they talk about "true American" and the legal definition though.

In progressive circles, it is definitely considered racist to call someone "not a true American" if they don't speak English. See the entire issue regarding Puerto Rico and residents of other U.S. territories where English isn't spoken as a norm, but calling them "not a true American" would be political suicide amongst progressives.

Meanwhile, such a concept doesn't exist for Chinese, because of...well, everything I was talking about.